select id=identity(int,1,1),* into # from tb order by 日期 desc

select id from # where 单号='001'

;
with CTE
as
(
  select id=row_number() over(order by 日期 desc),*
  from tb
)
select id from CTE where 单号='001'

select id=row_number() over (order by 日期 desc),*  from tb